Originally known as Indian Stream, Pittsburg is distinguished by having the largest amount of land area of any township. Covering the entire top of the state, the area includes Lake Francis, the three Connecticut Lakes, and the international boundary post erected on the 45th Parallel, halfway between the North Pole and the Equator. For a while, starting in 1832, Pittsburg was home to the Indian Stream Republic, a colony that established its own constitution and separate government. The Indian Stream Republic existed for over four years, then became a part of New Hampshire, and was incorporated with Pittsburg in 1840. The name Pittsburg is in honor of William Pitt, Prime Minister of England.
Pittsburg boasts New Hampshire's longest Main Street - which runs from the steel bridge in the lower village to the Canadian border. A total of nearly 27 miles. Don't expect any fast food restaurants however, the stretch of road just north of the town center is also known as "Moose Alley" and is a popular wildlife viewing region.
The Connecticut Lakes are popular destinations for fishing. First, Second, Third and Fourth Connecticut Lake are all located in Pittsburg. The Fourth Connecticut Lake is the headwaters to the mightly Connecticut River.
The first major dam was built in Pittsburg during the Depression. Murphy Dam created the 2,000 acre Lake Francis.